Chekutanga : quote
Mukuita kutengeserana nedzimwe nyika, danho rekutanga nderokubvunza uye quotation yezvigadzirwa.Pakati pazvo, quotation yezvigadzirwa zvekunze zvinonyanya kusanganisira: giredhi remhando yechigadzirwa, kutsanangurwa kwechigadzirwa uye modhi, ingave chigadzirwa chine zvakakosha zvekurongedza, huwandu hwechigadzirwa chakatengwa, nguva yekuendesa inodiwa, nzira yekufambisa yechigadzirwa, zvinhu chigadzirwa, nezvimwewo.Iwo anonyanya kushandiswa makotesheni ndeaya: FOB kuendesa mubhodhi, CNF mutengo pamwe nekutakura, CIF mutengo, inishuwarenzi pamwe nekutakura zvinhu, nezvimwe.
Chechipiri: Order
Mushure mekunge mapato maviri ekutengeserana asvika pachinangwa pane iyo kotesheni, bhizinesi remutengi rinoisa zviri pamutemo odha uye rinotaurirana nebhizinesi remutengesi pane zvimwe zvinechekuita.Mukuita kusaina "Purchase Contract", kunyanya kutaurirana nezvezita rechigadzirwa, zvakatemwa, huwandu, mutengo, kurongedza, nzvimbo yekubva, nguva yekutumira, mazwi ekubhadhara, nzira dzekugadzirisa, zvichemo, arbitration, nezvimwe, uye kutaurirana chibvumirano chasvika. mushure menhaurirano.Nyora muKutenga Kondirakiti.Izvi zvinoratidza kutanga zviri pamutemo kwebhizimusi rekutengesa kunze kwenyika.Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, kusaina kondirakiti yekutenga muduplicate kuchashanda nechisimbiso chepamutemo chekambani chakadhindwa nemapato ese, uye bato rega rega richachengeta kopi imwe.
Chechitatu: Nzira yekubhadhara
Kune nzira nhatu dzinowanzo shandiswa dzepasi rose dzekubhadhara, dzinoti tsamba yekubhadhara chikwereti, kubhadhara kweTT uye kubhadhara zvakananga.
1. Kubhadhara netsamba yechikwereti
Tsamba dzechikwereti dzakakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: tsamba isina kiredhiti uye gwaro retsamba yechikwereti.Documentary credit inoreva tsamba yechikwereti ine magwaro akatarwa, uye tsamba yechikwereti pasina chero magwaro inonzi tsamba isina kiredhiti yechikwereti.Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, tsamba yechikwereti igwaro revimbiso rinovimbisa kuti mutengesi awanazve mubhadharo wezvinhu.Ndokumbira utarise kuti nguva yekutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika inofanirwa kunge iri mukati meiyo nguva yeL/C, uye nguva yekuratidzira yeL/C haifanirwe kuendeswa pasati papfuura zuva rechokwadi reL/C.Mukutengeserana kwenyika dzakawanda, tsamba yechikwereti inoshandiswa senzira yekubhadhara, uye zuva rekubudiswa kwetsamba yechikwereti rinofanira kunge rakajeka, rakajeka uye rakakwana.
2. TT nzira yekubhadhara
Nzira yekubhadhara yeTT inogadziriswa mumari yekunze.Mutengi wako achaendesa mari yacho kuaccount yekubhangi yekunze yakasarudzwa nekambani yako.Iwe unogona kukumbira kutumirwa mukati meimwe nguva yenguva mushure mekunge zvinhu zvasvika.
3. Nzira yekubhadhara yakananga
Inoreva kubhadharwa kwekutumira zvakananga pakati pemutengi nemutengesi.
Chechina: stocking
Kuchengetera masheya kunotora basa rakakosha muhurongwa hwese hwekutengesa uye hunofanirwa kuitwa mumwe nemumwe zvinoenderana nechibvumirano.Iyo huru cheki yemukati yestocking ndeiyi inotevera:
1. Hunhu uye zvinotsanangurwa zvezvinhu zvinofanira kusimbiswa maererano nezvinodiwa zvechibvumirano.
2. Kuwanda kwezvinhu: iva nechokwadi chokuti huwandu hunodiwa hwechibvumirano kana tsamba yechikwereti zvinosangana.
3. Nguva yekugadzirira: maererano nemitemo yetsamba yekwereti, yakabatanidzwa nekurongwa kwehurongwa hwekutumira, kuita kuti kusungirirwa kwekutakura uye zvinhu.
Yechishanu: Kurongedza
Iyo fomu yekurongedza inogona kusarudzwa zvichienderana neyakasiyana zvinhu (senge: katoni, bhokisi remapuranga, rakarukwa bhegi, nezvimwewo).Mafomu ekurongedza akasiyana ane akasiyana ekuisa zvinodiwa.
1. General ekisipoti packaging zviyero: kurongedza zvinoenderana neyakajairwa zviyero zvekutengesa kunze kwenyika.
2. Special export packaging standards: kunze kwenyika zvinhu zvinoiswa mukati zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nevatengi.
3. Kuvhara uye kutumira zviratidzo (zviratidzo zvekufambisa) zvezvinhu zvinofanira kunyatsoongororwa uye kuvimbiswa kuti zviitike maererano nemitemo yetsamba yechikwereti.
Yechitanhatu: Maitiro ekubvisa mitero
Maitiro ekubvisa tsika akaomesesa uye akakosha zvakanyanya.Kana iyo tsika yemvumo isiri yakatsetseka, kutengeserana hakugone kupedzwa.
1. Zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvichitariswa nemutemo zvichapihwa gwaro rekuongorora zvinhu kunze kwenyika.Parizvino, basa rekuongorora kutengeswa kwenyika nekunze kwenyika rinonyanya kusanganisira mana ma link:
(1) Kugamuchirwa kwechikumbiro chekuongorora: Chikumbiro chekuongorora chinoreva mashandisirwo ehukama hwehukama hwekunze kune iyo commodity inspection agency kuti iongororwe.
(2) Sampling: Mushure mekunge iyo commodity inspection agency yagamuchira chikumbiro chekuongorora, ichakurumidza kutumira vashandi kunzvimbo yekuchengetera kuti iongororwe uye kuongororwa.
(3) Kuongorora: Mushure mekunge sangano rekuongorora zvinhu ragamuchira chikumbiro chekuongorora, rinonyatsoongorora zvinhu zvekuongorora zvakaziviswa uye inoona zvirimo zvekuongorora.Uye nyatsoongorora chibvumirano (tsamba yechikwereti) mirau yemhando, yakatarwa, kurongedza, kujekesa hwaro hwekuongorora, uye kuona zviyero zvekuongorora uye nzira.(Nzira dzekuongorora dzinosanganisira kuongorora sampling, kuongorora kwechishandiso; kuongorora kwemuviri; kuongorora manzwiro; kuongorora hutachiona, nezvimwewo)
(4) Kupihwa kwezvitupa: Panyaya yekutumira kunze, zvinhu zvese zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvakanyorwa mu[Type Table] zvichaburitsa chinyorwa chekuburitsa mushure mekupfuura ongororo nesangano rekuongorora zvinhu (kana kuisa chisimbiso chekuburitsa pane fomu rekuzivisa zvinhu kunze kwenyika kuti ritsive. pepa rekuburitsa).
2. Vashandi vane hunyanzvi vane zvitupa zvekuzivisa zvetsika vanofanirwa kuenda kutsika nemagwaro akadai serongedzero, invoice, tsika yekuzivisa simba regweta, fomu rekuongorora rekugadzirisa kunze kwenyika mari yekunze, kopi yekontrakiti yezvigadzirwa zvekunze, chitupa chekuongorora zvinhu kunze kwenyika uye zvimwe zvinyorwa.
(1) Rondedzero yekurongedza: kurongedza ruzivo rwezvigadzirwa zvekunze zvinopihwa nemutengesi.
(2) Invoice: Chitupa chechigadzirwa chekunze chinopihwa nemutengesi.
(3) Customs Declaration Power of Attorney (Electronic): Chitupa chekuti chikwata kana munhu asingakwanise kutaura nezvetsika anopa mutengesi wetsika kuti azivise tsika.
(4) Export Verification Form: Inoshandiswa nechikamu chekutumira kune imwe nyika kune imwe nyika, iyo inoreva gwaro rekuti iyo unit ine simba rekutengesa kunze inowana mutero wekutengesa kunze.
(5) Chitupa chekuongorora zvinhu: chakawanikwa mushure mekupasa kuongororwa kwedhipatimendi rekupinda-yekubuda-yekuongorora uye kuvharirwa kana sangano rayo rakasarudzika rekuongorora, ndiro zita rakazara rezvitupa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuongorora uye kunze kwenyika, zvitupa zvekuongorora uye zvimwe zvitupa.Igwaro rinoshanda rine hwaro hwepamutemo hwekuti mapato ese ane chekuita nekutengeserana kunze kwenyika aite zvisungo zvawo zvekondirakiti, kubata nharo dzekupokana, kutaurirana uye kutongana, uye kupa humbowo mumatare.
Yechinomwe: Kutumirwa
Mukuita kurodha zvinhu, unogona kusarudza nzira yekurodha zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwezvinhu, uye kutora inishuwarenzi zvinoenderana nemhando dzeinishuwarenzi dzakatsanangurwa muChibvumirano Chekutenga.Sarudza kubva:
1. Chigadziko chakakwana
Mhando dzemidziyo (inozivikanwawo semidziyo):
(1) Zvinoenderana nekutsanangurwa uye saizi:
Parizvino, midziyo yakaoma (DRYCONTAINER) inowanzoshandiswa pasirese ndeiyi:
Iyo yekunze dimension ndeye 20 tsoka X8 tsoka X8 tsoka 6 inches, inonzi 20 tsoka mudziyo;
40 tsoka X8 tsoka X8 tsoka 6 inches, inonzi 40 tsoka mudziyo;uye zvimwe zvakashandiswa mumakore achangopfuura 40 tsoka X8 tsoka X9 tsoka 6 inches, inonzi 40 tsoka yakakwirira mudziyo.
① chigadziko chetsoka: iyo yemukati vhoriyamu i5.69 metres X 2.13 metres X 2.18 metres, huremu hwekugovera kazhinji matani 17.5, uye vhoriyamu i24-26 cubic metres.
② 40-tsoka chigadziko: Iro mukati vhoriyamu i11.8 metres X 2.13 metres X 2.18 Huremu hwakakura hwekugovera kazhinji matani makumi maviri nemaviri, uye vhoriyamu i54 cubic metres.
③ 40-tsoka yakakwira mudziyo: iyo yemukati vhoriyamu ndeye 11.8 metres X 2.13 metres X 2.72 metres.Huremu hwakazara hwekugovera kazhinji matani makumi maviri nemaviri, uye vhoriyamu i68 cubic me.ters.
④ Chigaba chakakwirira mamita 45: vhoriyamu yemukati ndeiyi: 13.58 metres X 2.34 metres X 2.71 metres, huremu hwezvinhu hunowanzoita matani makumi maviri nepfumbamwe, uye vhoriyamu i86 cubic metres.
⑤ tsoka yakavhurika-yepamusoro mudziyo: vhoriyamu yemukati i5.89 metres X 2.32 metres X 2.31 metres, huremu hwekugovera matani makumi maviri, uye vhoriyamu i31.5 cubic metres.
⑥ 40-tsoka yakavhurika-yepamusoro mudziyo: vhoriyamu yemukati ndeye 12.01 metres X 2.33 metres X 2.15 metres, huremu hwekugovera i30.4 matani, uye vhoriyamu i65 cubic metres.
⑦ foot flat-bottomed container: vhoriyamu yemukati i5.85 metres X 2.23 metres X 2.15 metres, huremu hwekugovera huremu matani makumi maviri nematatu, uye vhoriyamu inosvika makumi maviri nemasere cubic metres.
⑧ 40-foot flat-bottomed chigaba: vhoriyamu yemukati i12.05 metres X 2.12 metres X 1.96 metres, kugovera huremu huremu matani makumi matatu nematanhatu, uye vhoriyamu imakumi mashanu cubic metres.
(2) Zvinoenderana nemidziyo yekugadzira mabhokisi: kune aruminiyamu alloy midziyo, simbi ndiro midziyo, fiberboard midziyo, uye girazi faibha yakasimbiswa midziyo yepurasitiki.
(3) Maererano nechinangwa: kune midziyo yakaoma;midziyo yefiriji (REEFER CONTAINER);zvipfeko zvinorembera (DRESS HAGER CONTAINER);vhura midziyo yepamusoro (OPENTOP CONTAINER);furemu midziyo (FLAT RACK CONTAINER);matangi midziyo (TANK CONTAINER) .
2. Midziyo yakaunganidzwa
Pamidziyo yakaunganidzwa, kutakura zvinhu kunowanzo kuverengerwa zvichienderana nehuwandu uye huremu hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika.
Yechisere: inishuwarenzi yekufambisa
Kazhinji, mapato maviri aya akabvumirana pachine nguva pazvinhu zvine chekuita neinishuwarenzi yekufambisa mukusaina kwe "Purchase Contract".Inishuwarenzi yakajairika inosanganisira ocean cargo transportation insurance, land and air mail transportation insurance, etc. Pakati pawo, zvikamu zveinishuwarenzi zvakafukidzwa neocean transportation cargo insurance clauses zvakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: mabasikei emainishuwarenzi uye mamwe mapoka einishuwarenzi:
(1) Kune matatu mainishuwarenzi akakosha: Yemahara kubva kuParicular Average-FPA, WPA (NeAverage kana NeAverage Average-WA kana WPA) uye Yese Risk-AR Hukuro hwebasa rePing An Inishuwarenzi hunosanganisira: kurasikirwa kwese kwemutoro kunokonzerwa ne njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga pagungwa;kurasikirwa kwese kwemutoro panguva yekurodha, kuburitsa uye kutumira;chibayiro, kugovera uye kununura mari inokonzerwa neavhareji;Kurasikirwa kwese uye chikamu chemutoro kunokonzerwa nekudhumhana, mafashama, kuputika.Inishuwarenzi yekukuvara kwemvura ndeimwe yenjodzi huru dzeinishuwarenzi yekufambisa kwemugungwa.Zvinoenderana nematemu einishuwarenzi ePeople's Insurance Company yekuChina, pamusoro penjodzi dzakanyorwa muPing An Inishuwarenzi, basa rayo rinotakurawo njodzi dzenjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga dzakaita semamiriro ekunze, mheni, tsunami nemafashama.Kuvharwa kwenjodzi dzese kwakaenzana nehuwandu hweWPA uye general imwe inishuwarenzi
(2) Inishuwarenzi yokuwedzera: Kune marudzi maviri einishuwarenzi yokuwedzera: inishuwarenzi yakawedzerwa uye imwe inishuwarenzi inokosha.Mainishuwarenzi ekuwedzera anosanganisira kuba uye kunhonga inishuwarenzi, inishuwarenzi yemvura yakachena nemvura, inishuwarenzi yenguva pfupi, inishuwarenzi yekuvuza, inishuwarenzi yekupwanya, inishuwarenzi yekukuvara kwehuku, inishuwarenzi yekukanganisa, inishuwarenzi yekuparara kwepasuru, inishuwarenzi yekuvhuvhu, hunyoro uye inishuwarenzi yekupisa, uye hwema. .njodzi, etc. Njodzi dzekuwedzera dzinosanganisira njodzi dzehondo uye njodzi dzekurova.
Yechipfumbamwe: Bill of Lading
Gwaro rekutengesa zvinhu (Bill of lading) igwaro rinoshandiswa neanotenga zvinhu kubva kunze kwenyika kunotora zvinhu nekugadzirisa mari yekunze mushure mekunge mutengesi apedza nzira dzekubvisa mitero kunze kwenyika pamwe netsika dzabuda..
Bhiri rekutakura rakasainwa rinopihwa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemakopi anodiwa netsamba yechikwereti, kazhinji makopi matatu.Mutengesi kunze kwenyika anochengeta makopi maviri ekudzoserwa kwemutero uye rimwe bhizinesi, uye kopi imwe inotumirwa kune anotora kunze kwenyika kuti abate maitiro sekutumira.
Pakutumira zvinhu negungwa, mutengesi anofanira kubata bhiri rekutanga rekutakura, runyorwa rwekutakura, uye invoice kuti atore zvinhu.(Mutengesi kunze kwenyika anofanira kutumira bhiri rekutanga rekutakura, runyoro rwekurongedza uye invoice kumutengesi.)
Pakutakura zvinhu zvemumhepo, unogona kushandisa zvakananga fax yebhiri rekutakura, runyoro rwekutakura, uye invoice kutora zvinhu.
Chegumi: Kugadziriswa kwemari yekunze
Mushure mekunge zvinhu zvekunze zvatumirwa, kambani yekunze nekunze inofanirwa kugadzirira nemazvo magwaro (pakurongedza runyorwa, invoice, bhiri rekutakura, chitupa chekunze, chitupa chekutengesa kunze kwenyika) nemamwe magwaro zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa netsamba yechikwereti.Mukati menguva yechokwadi yemagwaro akataurwa muL / C, endesa magwaro kubhangi kuti vataurirane uye kugadzirisana..
Pamusoro pekugadzirisa mari yekunze netsamba yechikwereti, dzimwe nzira dzekubhadhara mari dzinowanzosanganisira telegraphic transfer (TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFER (T/T)), kuendesa mabhiri (DEMAND DRAFT (D/D)), kutumira tsamba (MAIL TRANSFER (M). /T)), nezvimwewo, Nekuda kwekukurumidza kukura kwehunyanzvi hwemagetsi, kufambisa waya kunonyanya kushandiswa pakutumira.(MuChina, kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwemabhizinesi kunofarira mutemo wakasarudzika wekudzoreredza mutero wekunze)
Medoc, wechitatu-bato repasi rose akasanganiswa Logistics service provider kubva kuChina, yakavambwa muna 2005 uye inotungamirwa muShenzhen, China.Chikwata chekutanga chine makore anopfuura gumi ezviitiko zvepasi rose zvekutakura paavhareji.
Kubva payakavambwa, Medoc yakazvipira kuve yakavimbika yepasi rose yakasanganiswa Logistics sevhisi kune ese mafekitori eChinese nevatengesi vekunze kuti avabatsire kupedzisa bhizinesi ravo rekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika.
Masevhisi Edu:
(1) China-EU Special Line (Door to Door)
(2) China -Central Asia yakakosha mutsara (Door to Door)
(3) China -Middle East yakakosha mutsara (Door to Door)
(4)China -Mexico yakakosha mutsara (Door to Door)
(5) Customized shipping service
(6) China procurement consulting uye agency mabasa
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Nguva yekutumira: Jul-06-2022